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Question

Frogs utilize sound extensively to communicate. Their vocal signals have been shown to exhibit geographical dialects, facilitating the detection of signals amidst sounds emanating from other biotic sources locally. The extent to which abiotic sources play in shaping of the dialects is unclear. We investigated the vocal signals of male ultrasonic frogs (Odorrana tormota) in a remote village in Huangshan and compared them with those of males from a population in a different location within this mountain range. We found that, whereas the temporal characteristics of vocal signals of the two populations are indifferent, their fundamental frequencies (F0s) differ markedly.
Inter- and intra-population comparisons of the F0 revealed that frogs inhabiting noisier background tend to emit calls having higher F0. These results support the hypothesis that the upward frequency shift of the frogs’ communication signals is to minimize masking by the intense, predominantly low frequency background noise.

Answer 1

青蛙利用声广泛交流。他们的声音信号，已被证明具有地域方言，便于信号检测中的声音来自其他生物来源的地方。在何种程度上方言的形成中起非生物资源，还不清楚。我们调查了男性超声波蛙声信号（凹耳臭蛙）在黄山一个偏远的村庄，他们的男性人口在这座山的不同位置的比较。我们发现，而两个种群的声音信号的时间特性的冷漠，他们的基本频率（F0s）明显不同。
间和群体内的比较显示，居住在嘈杂的背景F0青蛙会发出的叫声具有较高的F0。这些结果支持这一假设的青蛙的通信信号向上频移是最小化的掩蔽的激烈，主要是低频背景噪声。