ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç¨æ³è¦ç¹ï¼
1.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ä¸è½åç¬ä¸åç¡®æ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨ï¼(å¦è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»çæ¶é´ç¶è¯)
å¦yesterday(morningãafternoon),last(morningãafternoon)çï¼é¤éä¸for,sinceè¿ç¨.
2.ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¾å¾å表示ä¸ç¡®å®çè¿å»æ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨
å¦already(è¯å®å¥ä¸)ï¼yet(å¦å®ï¼çé®ï¼å¥æ«)ï¼just,before,recently,still,lately,neverç:
He has already obtained a scholarship.ä»å·²ç»è·å¾äºä¸ä»½å¥å¦éã
3.
ç°å¨å®ææ¶æç»å¸¸ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºé¢åº¦çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨ï¼
å¦often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasionç:
Have you ever been to Beijing?ä½ ä»¥åå»è¿å京å?
4. ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¿å¾å¾å¯ä»¥åå
æ¬ç°å¨æ¶é´å¨å
çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨
å¦now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so farç:
Peter has written six papers so far.å°ç®å为æ¢ï¼å½¼å¾åäºå
ç¯è®ºæã
5.ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¿å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»çä¸ä¸ªæ¶é´å°ç°å¨è¿æ®µæ¶é´å
éå¤åççå¨ä½.
6.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç"å®æç¨æ³"æçæ¯å¨ä½åçå¨è¿å»æä¸æ¶å»å¹¶å·²ç»æã
ä¾å¦:He has turned the light off .ä»å·²æç¯å
³äºã
ç°å¨å®ææ¶"å®æç¨æ³"çç¹ç¹æ¯å¨ä½ä¸å»¶ç»ï¼å æ¤ï¼è¯¥æ¶æåªè½ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºä¸å®çè¿å»æ¶é´ç¶è¯(å¦:alreadyï¼yetï¼beforeï¼recentlyç)ãé¢åº¦æ¶é´ç¶è¯(å¦:neverï¼everç)ãå
æ¬ç°å¨æ¶å»å¨å
çæ¶é´ç¶è¯(å¦:this morning / month /year...ï¼todayç)è¿ç¨ã
ä¾å¦:Have you found your pen?ä½ å·²ç»æ¾å°ä½ çé¢ç¬äºå?
7.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç"æªå®æç¨æ³"æçæ¯å¨ä½å¼å§äºè¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ï¼ä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°ç°å¨ï¼æå¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã
ä¾å¦:He has lived here since 1978.èªä»1978年以æ¥ï¼ä»ä¸ç´ä½å¨è¿å¿ã(å¨ä½èµ·å§äº1978å¹´ï¼ä¸ç´ä½å°ç°å¨ï¼å¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä½ä¸å»ã)
I have been in the army for
more than 5 years.æå¨é¨éå·²ç»åäºäºå¹´å¤äºã(å¨ä½å¼å§äº5å¹´åï¼ä¸ç´å»¶ç»è³ä»ï¼æå¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã)
æ¤ç§ç¨æ³çå¥ä¸å¸¸éä¸ä¸ªè¡¨ç¤ºä¸æ®µæ¶é´çç¶è¯(ç±sinceæforå¼å¯¼)ï¼æ表示ä¸ç°å¨æ¶å»ç¸è¿çæ¶é´ç¶è¯(å¦:up to nowï¼so far)çã
ä¾å¦:I have heard nothing from him up to now.å°ç®å为æ¢æ没æä»çä»»ä½æ¶æ¯ã
注æ:(1)ç°å¨å®ææ¶çæªå®æç¨æ³åªéç¨äº
延ç»æ§å¨è¯ï¼ä¸å¯ç¨äºç»æ¢æ§å¨è¯ï¼å³ç¬é´å®ææ延ç»æ¶é´å¾ççå¨è¯ãå¦:comeï¼goï¼arriveï¼leaveï¼joinï¼becomeï¼dieçã
8.ä¸æ®µæ¶é´+has passed+sinceä»å¥ã
9.ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¸¸ç¨çè¯ "up to now /till now","so far" (æææ¯ä»è¿å»æä¸ç¡®å®çæ¶é´ä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°ç°å¨)è¿ç¨ã
Up to/till now he's read many story books. è³ä»ä»å·²è¯»è¿å¥½å¤æ
äºä¹¦ã
I've been to
New York three times so far. è³ä»æå·²å°çº½çº¦å»è¿ä¸æ¬¡ã
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) çåºå«ã
has gone to:表示æ人已å»äºæå°ï¼è没æåæ¥(å»äºæ²¡å)(ä¸å¯ä¸ for+ä¸æ®µæ¶é´ è¿ç¨)
has been to :表示å»è¿æå°(å»è¿å·²åæ¥)(ä¸å¯ä¸ for+ä¸æ®µæ¶é´ è¿ç¨)
has been in/at(in表示ç¸å¯¹å¤§ä¸äºçå°ç¹;at表示ç¸å¯¹å°ä¸äºçå°ç¹):表示ä¸ç´åå¨æå°ï¼ 常ä¸æ¶é´æ®µæé
(åäºå¾ä¹
)ã
10.ä¸å¯ä»¥ä¸
ä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶çå®ä¹æ··æ·